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How to Distinguish Analytical Exposition and Hortatory Exposition


By:
Siti Muyassaroh


There are many genres of text in English. They are descriptive, report, narrative, recount, procedure, exposition, and so on. Those text are divided according to the different function and structure. However, in this article, we are only going to talk about exposition text.

Further, exposition text is also divided into three texts. They are analytical exposition text, hortatory exposition text, and discussion text. Those texts mainly aim to share writer’s opinion, idea, point of view, and arguments about a particular topic. As the title, we are going to discuss about analytical exposition and hortatory exposition, so we will set aside the discussion text for the time being.

Many English learners have been confused by those two texts above because they almost have the same structures. To be more detail, I will put them in below with their social function:

Analytical exposition text
Social function: To persuade the readers or listeners that something is the case.
  Generic structures:
Thesis: introduces topic and outlines the main arguments to be presented.
Arguments: develops and supports each points or arguments.
Reiteration or conclusion: restates writer’s position.

Hortatory exposition text
Social function: To persuade the readers or listeners that something is should or should not be the case.
  Generic structures:
Thesis: announcement of issue or concern.
Arguments: reasons for concern.
Recommendation: statements of what ought or ought not to happen.

From the two text structures above, we can see that the difference between them is the third part. In analytical exposition, the final part is reiteration. While, in hortatory exposition, it is recommendation.

Reiteration and recommendation is obviously different. In reiteration, the writer just restate his position that he agree or not about the case and summarize his arguments briefly. Whereas, in recommendation, the writer give statements of what should or should not happen. So, in this part, there must be expression of recommendation such as should, must, ought to, and so on.


Compare these two texts!
Text 1
Animals should not be used in circus. The environment where they perform and their living condition are usually inappropriate.
Tigers, for example, which naturally live in wilderness, must perform tricks on a narrow stage and spend their lifetime in a small cage.
Besides, the living conditions of the circus animals are poor. They live in a cramped condition most of the time. They actually need more space to roam. They also do not have freedom to live with their own kid.
We should ban the use of animals in circus and their confinement there.

Text 2
There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.
Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.
Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This, means that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non-target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and environment as well.
So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don’t affect the ecological balance and environment.
Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.

Those two texts above is about an issue and the writer’s arguments which means it is exposition texts. We obviously know that these texts are not discussion text because the writer just put arguments in one side. So, we just have two options; analytical exposition text and hortatory exposition text.

To distinguish these two text; it is analytical exposition or hortatory exposition, we just have to focus on the final part. I have asserted that in hortatory exposition text, there must be expression of recommendation. Therefore, we can conclude that text 1 is hortatory exposition text because there is an expression of recommendation ‘should ban’. In other hand, there is no such expression of recommendation in text 2 just as in text 1. So, we can infer that text 2 is analytical exposition text.

Bibliography:
Gerot, L., & Wignell, P. (1994). Making sense of functional grammar. Australia: Antipodean Educational Enterprises.

Cahyo, A. N., Bagaskoro, A., Kustiyah, A., Fahnani, B. R., Purwanti, E., Puspitawati, E., … Haryanto, U. T. Strategi khusus menghadapi Uiian Nasional. Klaten, Indonesia: Viva Pakarindo.

Comments

  1. Nur Kumala Anwa20 June 2020 at 03:50

    Thank you for sharing this. It is really helpful because in school, I only learnt exposition in general without knowing that it actually has 2 types.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Avinanuraizah21 June 2020 at 02:51

    This article is clear and it's helpful to the reader. Thank you.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Utami Setianingtyas Aldina21 June 2020 at 02:54

    Nice post! I got knowledge after reading this article. Thanks.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Faris Zakaria21 June 2020 at 04:32

    Your content is great, but please make it more 'interesting'. Anyway, great explanation. Thanks!

    ReplyDelete
  5. Anggi Ulul21 June 2020 at 06:40

    Great article! It will help me to do my teaching practice in the future.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Windy Arundinta21 June 2020 at 07:53

    Nice article to read!

    ReplyDelete
  7. Wiwit Sulistiyani21 June 2020 at 09:35

    Thank you for sharing this article. It reminds me for several informations about this text

    ReplyDelete
  8. 4 life21 June 2020 at 13:03

    Nice article. Thank you for sharing. It will help me to do practice teaching in future

    ReplyDelete
  9. Tuti Lasmiasih21 June 2020 at 17:19

    Nice information anyway. From this article I can get a more knowledge, thank you.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Sinta Rizqiana22 June 2020 at 01:00

    That's very nice, Muyas.

    ReplyDelete
  11. Risma Alfiani22 June 2020 at 01:03

    Thanks for your information.

    ReplyDelete
  12. Setia Ningsih22 June 2020 at 01:20

    Great post!

    ReplyDelete
  13. novita devi22 June 2020 at 04:17

    nice article!

    ReplyDelete

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